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AFD Group and Energy Transition Minerals
The energy transition relies on the deployment of low-carbon technologies (electric vehicles,renewable energies) that require substantial amounts of metals and minerals, including lithium, nickel, cob...
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Assessment of Future Droughts in Vietnam Using High-Resolution Downscaled CMIP6 Projections
This study investigates drought conditions in Vietnam and its seven sub-climatic regions using the Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). SPEI was derived from daily, high-resolut...
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Europe & Central Asia: On the road to high income? L'Éco du Monde #2
In Europe and Central Asia, ten countries that have reached high-income status since 1990 have joined the European Union. Another 20 in the region have become more prosperous but their transition to h...
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Appendix - Evaluations completed by AFD Group in 2023-2024
AFD Group conducts various types of evaluations, which may combine different methods and be carried out at different stages. In this appendix to AFD Group's 2025 Evaluation Report, you will find a lis...
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Colombia: Squaring energy transition and fiscal credibility to transform the economy
Despite a robust institutional framework and a broadly sound policy mix, Colombia’s economic model is running out of steam. For over a decade, since the end of the commodities supercycle,growth has be...
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AFD Group & World Bank Group Partnership Impact Update
The AFD Group and World Bank Group (WBG) have built innovative and impactful partnerships that catalyze finance, analytics, and technical services at global, regional, and country levels. Recognizi...
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AFD group offer in the Middle East
Established in 2019, the Middle East Regional Office (DRMO) was created to anchor and promote operational synergies among the three entities of the AFD Group, for the benefit of its clients and partne...
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AFD Group’s 2025-2030 strategy
At the Presidential Council for International Partnerships (CPPI) convened on April 4, 2025, development policy was reaffirmed as a cornerstone of France’s international engagement, alongside diplomac...
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Reimagining Data Governance for AI
This report introduces a practical, community-centered framework for governing data reuse in the development and deployment of artificial intelligence systems in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC...
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2024 Universal registration document
Amid the geopolitical, economic, environmental and financial uncertainties of today’s world, we need to stay the course towards international solidarity, as defined in 2015 in the United Nations 2030...
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Realizing the Potential of National Development Banks to Boost Sustainable Development Financing with MDB Supp...
The world’s public development banks cannot avoid confronting the global environmental and climate finance crises. Nor should they. This research paper asks, ‘What do national development banks (NDBs)...
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2023 Sustainable Development Goal bond reporting
In 2020, to increase the consistency of its 100% Paris Agreement and 100% Social Link commitments with its presence on the markets, the AFD Group set up a framework for bond issues aligned with the Su...
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Quantifying Green Job Potential in Colombia: A Task-Based Approach
This paper examines the impact of the green transition on the Colombian labor market. Using a task-based approach and data from the 2022 Colombian Household Survey, we find that approximately 22.6% of...
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Are industries in emerging countries becoming greener?
According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), industry generates a fifth of the world’s direct greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. It also produces indirect emissions due in part to electricity gene...
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Infographic - Our activity in favour of Support Fund for Feminist Organizations 2020-2023
The Support Fund for Feminist Organizations (FSOF) is a flagship initiative for French feminist foreign policy, and was introduced at the G7 Summit in 2019. This fund is managed by Agence Française de...
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Support Fund for Feminist Organizations - Activity Report 2020-2023
The Support Fund for Feminist Organizations (FSOF) is a flagship initiative for French feminist foreign policy, and was introduced at the G7 Summit in 2019. This fund is managed by Agence Française de...
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Energy and social protection measures for energy poverty
This article examines the impact of energy-enhancing measures for the poor, such as social protection or energy-earmarked measures, on influencing energy poverty and vulnerability. It employs a litera...
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AFD Group and The Republic of Moldova
The Republic of Moldova is facing significant geopolitical, economic and social challenges. To address these, the country has embarked on an ambitious process of reforms and modernization aimed at joi...
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Water reuse, a strategic response to water stress?
The effects of climate change, which are particularly noticeable in countries around the Mediterranean and in the Middle East, are exacerbating water stress in these regions. Faced with increasing wat...
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Financial and regulatory policies in the face of climate challenges
In 2015, in the run-up to COP21 in Paris, the speech by Mark Carney, then Governor of the Bank of England and mandated by the G20's Financial Stability Board, made history. He warned of the importance...
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